Molecular Formula | CHNaO3 |
Molar Mass | 84.01 |
Density | 2.16 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
Melting Point | >300°C(lit.) |
Boling Point | 851°C |
Flash Point | 169.8°C |
Water Solubility | 9 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
Solubility | H2O: 1M at20°C, clear, colorless |
Vapor Presure | 2.58E-05mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | White crystal |
Specific Gravity | 2.159 |
Color | White |
Odor | Odorless |
Merck | 14,8583 |
BRN | 4153970 |
pKa | (1) 6.37, (2) 10.25 (carbonic (at 25℃) |
PH | 8.27(1 mM solution);8.22(10 mM solution);8.02(100 mM solution); |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
Stability | Stable. |
Sensitive | Easily absorbing moisture |
Refractive Index | 1.500 |
MDL | MFCD00003528 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | properties white powder or opaque monoclinic fine crystals. Odorless and salty. melting point> 300°C(lit.) |
Use | Used in food, medicine, film production, tanning, mineral processing, metallurgy, fiber, rubber and other industries, can also be used as detergents, extinguishing agents, used as food industry starter, soda and cold drinks in the generation of carbon dioxide Used as analytical reagents, also used in inorganic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry For the treatment of acidemia It is used as a starter in the food industry, a generator of carbon dioxide in soft and cold drinks, and a preservative for butter. Can be directly used as raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry. It can also be used for film production, tanning, mineral processing, smelting, metal heat treatment, fiber, rubber and agricultural seed soaking. At the same time, it is also used as a detergent for wool, foam extinguishing agent, bath agent, etc. Alkaline agent: Leavening agent. Often with ammonium bicarbonate formulation leavening agent for biscuits, cakes. The addition amount in wheat flour was 20G./kg. Acceptable |
Safety Description | 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | VZ0950000 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 28363000 |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 4220 mg/kg |
Reference Show more | 1. Du Ping, Liu Wen, Qing Yongjun, Yao Xiaoyan, Jin Yang, Chen Huaichen, He Li. Study on sustained-release preparation of traditional Chinese medicine compound based on "combination of medicine and auxiliary medicine"-taking peony and licorice stomach floating tablet as an example [J]. Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018,41(10):2403-2407. 2. Sun Gang, Zeng Guangsheng. Study on Buffer Properties of Starch-based Biomass Foamed Plastics [J]. Journal of Packaging, 2017, 009(003):31-35. 3. Lu Mengyi. Vascularization Study of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Mixed Type I Collagen Modified β-Tricalcium Phosphate Porous Stent Implants [D]. Guilin Medical College, 2014. 4. Lin Kan, Li Chunmei. Effects of Persimmon Tannin on Intestinal Microbes in Simulated Fermentation Environment in Vitro [J]. Food Industry Science and Technology, 2015, 36(022):160-163,167. 5. Mi Huan Bao Lijun. Study on the Difference of Antioxidant Activity of Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Silk with Different Cocoon Colors [J]. Agricultural Science Research 2017(3). 6. Qi Han, Pan Zhenzhen, Shi Rongzhen, Gao Jianli. Effect of germanium-rich hot spring water on improving immunosuppression in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice [J]. Chinese Convalescent Medicine, 2020,29(10):1009-1014. 7. Shuaishuai Yan, Hongjun Shao, Zhihao Zhou, Qi Wang, Luhua Zhao, Xingbin Yang, Non-extractable polyphenols of green tea and their antioxidant, anti-α-glucosidase capacity, and release during in vitro digestion, Journal of Functional Foods, Volume 42, 2018, 8. [IF = 4.451] Shuaishuai Yan et al."Non-extractable polyphenols of green tea and their antioxidant, anti-α-glucosidase capacity, and release during in vitro digestion." J Funct Foods. 2018 Mar;42:129 9. [IF = 7.514] Dandan Pu et al."Characterization of the oral breakdown, sensory properties, and volatile release during mastication of white bread." Food Chem. 2019 Nov;298:125003 10. [IF = 5.485] Xiao-qiang Cao et al."CuFe2O4 supported on montmorillonite to activate peroxymonosulfate for efficient ofloxacin degradation." J Water Process Eng. 2021 Dec;44:102359 11. [IF = 6.057] Fu Jiao et al."A biosensor based on a thermal camera using infrared radiance as the signal probe." TALANTA 2022 Aug;246:123453 |
white monoclinic crystal or crystalline powder. d 2. 159. Soluble in water, 25 ° C soluble in 10 parts of water. 1 8 ° C soluble in 12 parts of water. The solution is weak alkaline, 25 ℃.0. Imol aqueous solution pH 8.3. Slightly soluble in ethanol. When acid is encountered, it decomposes vigorously. Loss of carbon dioxide begins at 50 °c and changes to Na2 C03 at 1 00 °c.
This strain takes the saturated solution of sodium carbonate to pass human carbon dioxide to generate sodium bicarbonate, which is obtained by drying. Or sodium chloride, ammonia, carbon dioxide as raw materials, under certain conditions, the reaction, the formation of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride, the use of their solubility differences by separation, drying and. This product shall be calculated as dry product, and the content of NaHC03 shall not be less than 99.0%.
It is used as a starter in the food industry, a generator of carbon dioxide in soft drinks and cold drinks, and a preservative for butter. Can be directly used as raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, can also be used for film production, tanning, mineral processing, smelting, metal heat treatment, fiber, rubber and agricultural seed, etc., but also used as a detergent for wool, foam extinguishing agent, bath agent, etc.
The product of aqueous solution of sodium salt and bicarbonate identification reaction (General Principles 0301).
packed in plastic bags or plastic woven bags lined with polyethylene plastic bags, each with a net weight of 25kg or 50kg. Store in a ventilated, dry warehouse. The bag should be prevented from breaking during transportation, and the edible sodium bicarbonate should not be stored and mixed with toxic substances to prevent pollution. Should pay attention to moisture, with acid goods Isolation storage, transport to prevent rain and sun exposure. When there is a fire, it can be suppressed by water and various kinds of fire retardants.
take this product 0.20g, add water 20ml to dissolve, according to the law (General 0631), pH value should not be higher than 8.6.
take l.Og of this product, add water 20ml to dissolve, the solution with No. 2 Turbidity standard solution (General 0902) comparison, not more concentrated.
take 0.15g of this product, add water to make it 25ml, add nitric acid Dropwise to make it slightly acidic, heat in a water bath to remove carbon dioxide, cool, and check according to law (General rule 0801), not more concentrated (0.02%) than the control solution made of standard sodium chloride solution.
take 0.50g of this product, add water to make it 40ml, add hydrochloric acid Dropwise to make it slightly acidic, heat in a water bath to remove carbon dioxide, cool, and check according to law (General rule 0802), not more concentrated (0.03%) than the control solution made of standard potassium sulfate solution.
take l.Og of this product, add 10ml of sodium hydroxide test solution, heat, and the steam shall not turn blue when it meets the moist red litmus test paper.
take 4.0g of this product, dry it in a silica gel dryer for 4 hours, and lose no more than 0.25% of the weight (General rule 0831).
take this product l. After adding appropriate amount of water to dissolve, dilute nitric acid is added to make it slightly acidic, boiled for 1 minute, let it cool, diluted with water to make 25ml, and checked according to law (General rule 0807), it should not be deeper (0.0015%) than the control solution made of standard iron solution.
take 4.0g of this product, add 19ml of dilute hydrochloric acid and 5ml of water, boil for 5 minutes, let cool, add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and add ammonia test solution Dropwise until the solution shows pink, let cool, add 2ml of acetate buffer solution (pH 0821) and appropriate amount of water to make 25ml, and check according to law (General rule method 1), containing heavy metals shall not exceed 5 parts per million.
take l.Og of this product, add 23ml of water to dissolve, add 5ml of hydrochloric acid, check according to law (General rule 0822 first law), should comply with the provisions (0.0002%).
take this product about lg, precision weighing, add water 50ml to dissolve, add methyl red-bromocresol green mixed indicator solution 10 drops, with hydrochloric acid titration solution (0.5mol/L) titrate until the solution changes from green to purple, boil for 2 minutes, cool to room temperature, and continue titration until the solution changes from green to dark purple. Each 1 ml of hydrochloric acid titration solution (0.5mol/L) is equivalent to 42.00mg of nahco3.
pharmaceutical excipients, alkalizing agents, etc.
sealed and stored in a dry place.
pH indicator color change ph range | 7.8 - 8.2 |
Decomposition | 50 °C |
EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
overview | sodium bicarbonate, also known as acid sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, baking soda, heavy alkali and baking alkali, is an acid salt generated after neutralization of strong alkali and weak acid. it is weakly alkaline when dissolved in water, and can quickly neutralize gastric acid after oral administration. its antacid effect is weak and short-lived. In addition, there is the effect of alkalizing liquid. It is suitable for hyperacidity, indigestion and alkalized urine, etc.; intravenous administration is used for acidosis; external ear drops soften and stare; 2% solution sitz bath is used for fungal vaginitis. Veterinary clinical is mainly used to treat gastrointestinal catarrhal inflammation, sepsis and severe diarrhea, extensive burns, neutralization of gastric acid and alkalized urine, etc.; spraying sodium bicarbonate in the greenhouse can prevent diseases and increase production. Many diseases such as cucumber powdery mildew, anthracnose, tomato leaf mold, etc., its pathogenic fungi are difficult to survive under alkaline conditions. Dissolution with 500 times baking soda is very effective in controlling the above diseases. In addition, carbon dioxide is the raw material of photosynthesis. Due to the airtightness in the shed, carbon dioxide is often insufficient. After spraying baking soda to decompose, carbon dioxide can be supplemented. It can be sprayed every 3-4 days during the growth of vegetables; adding an appropriate amount of sodium bicarbonate to the feed of livestock and poultry can effectively improve the digestion of the feed of livestock and poultry, and increase the egg production rate and eggshell strength of laying hens. Accelerate the use of nutrients and the excretion of harmful substances, and increase the weight gain rate of livestock and poultry; it can always maintain the best state of the resistance and immunity of livestock and poultry, and improve the anti-stress ability of livestock and poultry, it plays a positive role in preventing livestock and poultry diseases and ensuring their healthy growth. |
efficacy and function | sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda. clinically, rheumatologists mainly use sodium bicarbonate to treat gout (alkalizing urine and promoting uric acid excretion) and acidosis. in addition, there are some other uses: sodium bicarbonate is a chemical compound with many uses. There are different medicinal forms such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders or solutions. This compound can be ingested orally or intravenously; it is widely used to treat health problems including heartache, indigestion, high blood potassium, and too high acid levels in blood or urine. External use of sodium bicarbonate can also relieve insect bites. 1. The most common medical use of sodium bicarbonate is as an acid solution to relieve indigestion and heartache. If this compound is used for these purposes, it should be taken with water one hour before or after meals. It reduces stomach acid and is generally relieved immediately after taking it. 2. Sodium bicarbonate is sometimes used to treat hyperkalemia. This is a disease that occurs when the level of potassium in the blood is abnormally high. Some of the symptoms include irregular heartbeat and nausea. If untreated, hyperkalemia is fatal. 3. Another medical use of sodium bicarbonate is to deal with an overdose of aspirin or tricyclic antidepressants. Aspirin is best absorbed in an acidic environment, so this compound can be used to reduce acidity and reduce the amount of aspirin absorbed by the blood. Excessive intake of tricyclic antidepressants can also cause metabolic acidosis and cause serious cardiovascular complications. Sodium bicarbonate can help reduce excessive acidity. 4. This compound is sometimes injected intravenously during the emergency treatment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 5. External use of sodium bicarbonate can relieve insect bite symptoms. It is best to mix this compound with water and apply it several times a day until the symptoms disappear. 6. Sodium bicarbonate is also used to treat acidosis (too much acid in blood or urine represents high uric acid). When the pH is 5.7 or lower, most urate ions are converted to non-ionic uric acid. In water, the solubility of nonionic uric acid is 20 times lower than that of urate and the lower the pH, the smaller the solubility. When the pH is 5.0, only 60mg of uric acid can be dissolved per 1000ml of water. When the pH is 6.0, the dissolved amount increases to 220mg; When the pH is increased to 6.6, almost all uric acid is in a free state. At pH 7.4, 98% uric acid is in the form of monosodium urate. As the urine pH of gout patients is often lower than that of normal people, most patients contain a large amount of uric acid in urine. When the 24-hour excretion exceeds 1.0g, about 50% of patients may have stones. Therefore, patients with kidney stones or in order to prevent uric acid from precipitating to form new stones should not only drink more water, but also add alkaline drugs to maintain the urine pH at about 6.5 to promote the excretion of uric acid. Alkaline drugs must be applied in the first two weeks of uric acid reduction therapy. The most commonly used alkaline drug is sodium bicarbonate. |
side effects | many people think that sodium bicarbonate is a classic old medicine, which can be used up to now and must have high safety. in fact, it is not always true. the side effects of sodium bicarbonate deserve our vigilance, mainly including: gastrointestinal tract: sodium bicarbonate is a strong alkaline drug, which neutralizes with gastric acid after oral administration, produces a large amount of carbon dioxide and increases intragastric pressure, cause belching and secondary increase in gastric acid secretion. Hypokalemia: Long-term use of sodium bicarbonate can transfer potassium ions to the cell, leading to hypokalemia, manifested as weakness of the limbs, dyspnea, arrhythmia, and even cardiac arrest. Cardiovascular: Sodium bicarbonate is an alkaline sodium salt, containing sodium ions. Long-term high-dose administration can cause water and sodium retention, increased blood pressure, tissue edema, and even heart failure. phosphate stones: taking sodium bicarbonate can increase the PH of urine. when the PH of urine is greater than 7.0, phosphate stones are easy to form. Endocrine system and metabolism: Long-term high-dose sodium bicarbonate can cause metabolic acidosis. Excessive alkalization of blood can lead to tissue hypoxia, decreased respiratory compensatory ability, and inhibit breathing. In short, sodium bicarbonate is a commonly used acid-making drug in clinical practice, but due to its short-lived effect and prone to adverse reactions, it is currently rarely used in clinical treatment of acid-related diseases, mainly for the treatment of chronic metabolic Acidosis, prevention of urinary stones caused by urate, sulfonamides and other drugs, rescue drug poisoning, sodium bicarbonate is not absolutely safe, its side effects are worrying, and may even endanger life. Be vigilant during the medication process, long-term use is not recommended. |
solubility in water (g/100ml) | dissolution grams per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 7g/0 ℃;8.1g/10 ℃;9.6g/20 ℃;11.1g/30 ℃;12.7g/40 ℃ 16g/60 ℃ |
content analysis | determination of total alkali content take 2g sample (weighing to 0.0002g), place it in a 250ml triangular flask, dissolve it in 50ml of water, add 2-3 drops of 0.1% methyl orange indicator solution, and titrate it with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid standard solution until the solution changes from yellow to orange. Total alkali content (calculated as NaHCO3,%) in the formula V -- sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid standard solution volume, ml; C -- concentration of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid standard solution, mol/L;G -- sample mass, g;0.08401 -- molar mass of sodium bicarbonate, g. |
toxicity | ADI is not restricted (FAO/WHO,2001). LD504.3g/kg (rat, oral). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1736,2000). |
usage limit | GB 2760-2001: GMP is the limit for all kinds of foods requiring leavening agent; 50 mg/kg of prepared water (13.7mg/kg based on Na). FAO/WHO(1984): margarine, cold drinks and edible caseinate, according to GMP; The maximum dosage of cream and whey cream is 2 g/kg (only for pH adjustment, based on anhydrous substance); Tomato juice to make the pH higher than 4.3; 150 mg/kg of cooked peas (calculated as sodium); Other reference is potassium bicarbonate. |
Use | Used as an analytical reagent, also used in inorganic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry Used for the treatment of acidemia Used as a starter in the food industry, An agent for the generation of carbon dioxide in soda and cold drinks, and a preservation agent for butter. It can be directly used as a raw material for the pharmaceutical industry. It can also be used for film production, tanning, beneficiation, smelting, metal heat treatment, fiber, rubber and agricultural seed soaking. At the same time, it is also used as wool detergent, foam extinguishing agent, bath agent, etc. Alkaline agent: leavening agent. It is often used with ammonium bicarbonate to prepare leavening agents for biscuits and cakes. The addition amount in wheat flour is 20g./kg. Blowing agent (CO2) for solid refreshing beverage can be prepared with citric acid, tartaric acid, etc. Because it is a harmless weak alkaline agent, adding about 0.1% ~ 0.2% when washing vegetables can make green stable. When used alone, it is strongly alkaline due to thermal decomposition. When used in bread, it will be yellow and destroy vitamins in wheat. It is best to use it together with acidic substances such as calcium hydrogen phosphate. It can also be used for blanching and removing astringency in food. Because it can increase the pH value, it can improve the water holding capacity of protein, promote the softening of food tissue cells, and promote the dissolution of astringent ingredients. It has a deodorizing effect on goat milk (dosage 10~20mg/kg). as an acidity regulator and chemical leavening agent, China stipulates that it can be used in all kinds of foods that need to add leavening agent, and it can be used in an appropriate amount according to production needs. Sodium bicarbonate can be used as a carbon-alkali balance medicine for the treatment of acidemia, used in food, medicine, film, tanning, mineral processing, metallurgy, fiber, rubber and other industries, as well as detergents and fire extinguishing agents. It is used in food, medicine, film production, tanning, mineral processing, metallurgy, fiber, rubber and other industries. It can also be used as a detergent, fire extinguishing agent, as a starter in the food industry, and carbon dioxide in soda and cold drinks The generator is used as an analytical reagent, and is also used in the inorganic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry to treat acidemia, as a starter in the food industry, a carbon dioxide generator in soda and cold drinks, and a preservation agent for butter. It can be directly used as a raw material for the pharmaceutical industry. It can also be used for film production, tanning, beneficiation, smelting, metal heat treatment, fiber, rubber and agricultural seed soaking. At the same time, it is also used as wool detergent, foam extinguishing agent, bath agent, etc. Alkaline agent: leavening agent. It is often used with ammonium bicarbonate to prepare leavening agents for biscuits and cakes. The addition amount in wheat flour is 20g./kg. Can be Commonly used as analytical reagent, chromatographic analysis reagent. Preparation of Leptospira medium. Inorganic synthesis. Pharmaceuticals. Used as a starter for food work, a generator of carbon dioxide in soda and cold drinks, and a preservative for butter. Can be directly used as a raw material for the pharmaceutical industry. It can also be used for film production, tanning, beneficiation, smelting, metal heat treatment, and for fiber and rubber industries. At the same time, it is used as a detergent for wool, foam fire extinguishing agent, and for agricultural seed soaking. |
production method | sodium carbonate is first dissolved in water by gas-liquid phase carbonization method, and sodium carbonate solution with relative density of 1.19~1.20(23~24 ° B ё is obtained after filtration and impurity removal; CO2 gas (concentration 20% ~ 35%) purified by cyclone separation and water washing from lime kiln, after being pressurized, it is in counter-current contact with sodium carbonate solution in the absorption tower; when the material concentration reaches the relative density 1.10(13 ° B ё, the reaction ends, and the precipitated sodium bicarbonate is separated, air dried, and crushed to obtain the finished product. NaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3 waste alkali liquor absorption method to pure alkali production process waste alkali liquor absorption C0z to produce sodium bicarbonate, the process is the same as the gas-liquid carbonization method. The composition of trona is roughly sodium carbonate 23% ~ 25%, sodium bicarbonate 1% ~ 2%, sodium chloride 5% ~ 10%, sodium sulfate 8% ~ 10%, and water insoluble matter 10% ~ 15%. Using trona as raw material, steam and circulating mother liquefaction alkali are used to prepare alkali liquor with total alkalinity of 160~180g/L. The purified C0 is then used in the carbonation tower. Carbonation is carried out, the inlet temperature is 60~70 ℃, the outlet temperature is 45~50 ℃, and the carbonization degree of alkali liquor is 90%. The carbonation liquid is centrifuged and dried to obtain sodium bicarbonate. It is obtained by the reaction of sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide. after dissolving and filtering soda ash to remove impurities by gas-liquid phase method, the concentration is kept at 23~24 ° Bé. The concentration of carbon dioxide in lime kiln is kept at 20% ~ 25%. After washing and purification treatment, it is carbonized with hot alkali liquor. The tower pressure is kept at 0.2~0.25 Mpa. When the concentration of material reaches 13 ° Bé, the reaction ends. After cooling, crystallization, and filtration, the sodium bicarbonate is crystallized, and then dried by air flow to obtain the finished product of sodium bicarbonate. Its Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3 gas-solid phase method places sodium carbonate on a reaction bed (reaction tank), mixes it with water, blows carbon dioxide from the lower part, carbonizes it once, undergoes initial crushing, carries out secondary carbonization reaction, and then dries and pulverizes to produce sodium bicarbonate finished product. Its Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3 waste alkali liquor recovery method In the soda ash production process, the furnace gas produced by the soda ash calciner still contains more alkali powder after cyclone separation. The furnace gas is recovered with hot alkali to dissolve the alkali powder in the alkali liquor. During the circulating dissolution process, part of the alkali liquor is sent to the ammonia distillation tower to evaporate the ammonia in the hot alkali liquor, so that the alkali liquor is further concentrated and used as the alkali liquor raw material for the production of baking soda. The mixture of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water from the top of the steam ammonia tower enters the original furnace gas cooling tower. The mother liquor after separation and dehydration in the production of baking soda is used for hot lye circulation to dissolve and recover the alkali powder in the furnace gas and form the production process cycle. After the waste lye is recovered, the finished product of sodium bicarbonate is prepared by carbonization, centrifugal separation and drying. Its Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3 trona processing method uses trona as raw material. due to the high impurity content, the alkali temperature, concentration and cycle times of mother liquor should be strictly controlled when the alkali liquor is prepared. the total salt content in the mother liquor should be greater than 240g/L. After alkali melting, the alkali liquor has a concentration of sodium carbonate> 150g/L, sodium chloride <50g/L and sodium sulfate <90g/L. the obtained alkali liquor is filtered to remove slag, and then carbonized with carbon dioxide to generate sodium bicarbonate crystals. after washing and dehydration, the washing liquor can be returned to alkali melting or discharged, and the crystals are dried to obtain a finished sodium bicarbonate product. Its Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3 |
category | toxic substances |
toxicity classification | poisoning |
acute toxicity | oral administration-rat LD50 4220 mg/kg; Oral administration-mouse LD50: 3360 mg/kg |
flammability hazard characteristics | non-combustible; heated to release toxic sodium oxide gas |
storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse low temperature, ventilation, drying |
fire extinguishing agent | water, carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |